antecedent

/ˌæntəˈsidənt/
noun
  1. A thing or event that comes before another, often influencing it.
    • Each decision has antecedents that shape its outcome.
    • The economic crisis was an antecedent to the new government policies.
    • Studying the antecedents of the war helps us understand its causes.
  2. A word or phrase that a pronoun refers back to.
    • In the sentence 'The dog wagged its tail,' 'dog' is the antecedent of 'its.'
    • Finding the antecedent of 'they' in the paragraph can be tricky.
    • A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number and gender.
  3. A person's ancestors or family background.
    • His antecedents include several famous artists.
    • She researched her antecedents and discovered she was descended from immigrants.
    • The family's antecedents can be traced back to the 18th century.
Antonyms
adjective
  1. Coming before in time or order; previous.
    • Antecedent conditions must be met before the experiment can begin.
    • The antecedent events led to the final decision.
    • In the antecedent chapter, the author introduces the main conflict.
Antonyms