calculus

/ˈkælkjələs/
noun
  1. A branch of mathematics that deals with rates of change (differential calculus) and the accumulation of quantities (integral calculus).
    • She struggled with calculus in high school but later became a math teacher.
    • Learning calculus helps you understand how planets move in their orbits.
    • Engineers use calculus to design bridges and predict stress on materials.
  2. A hard mass that forms in the body, such as a kidney stone or dental tartar.
    • Regular brushing prevents dental calculus from building up on your teeth.
    • A large calculus in the gallbladder may require surgery to remove.
    • The doctor said the patient had a small calculus in his kidney that would pass on its own.
  3. A system or method of calculation or reasoning, especially one using symbols or formal rules.
    • In politics, leaders often apply a simple calculus of popularity versus risk.
    • Philosophers developed a moral calculus to weigh the consequences of actions.
    • The company used a cost-benefit calculus before deciding to expand overseas.