petrifaction

/ˌpɛtrəˈfækʃən/
noun
  1. The process of turning organic material into stone or a stony substance, often through the replacement of original material with minerals.
    • Scientists study petrifaction to understand how fossils form over millions of years.
    • The petrifaction of the ancient forest created a stunning landscape of stone logs.
    • The petrifaction of wood occurs when minerals slowly replace the plant cells.
  2. A state of being so frightened or shocked that one cannot move or react.
    • Her petrifaction was obvious when she saw the bear on the trail.
    • The sudden noise caused a moment of petrifaction in the hikers.
    • The audience sat in petrifaction during the horror movie's climax.
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