petrification

/ˌpɛtrəfɪˈkeɪʃən/
noun
  1. The process of turning organic material into stone or a stony substance, often through the replacement of original material with minerals.
    • The petrification of bones happens very slowly over thousands of years.
    • Visitors to the park can see examples of petrification in the fossil exhibits.
    • Petrification can preserve the detailed structure of ancient trees.
  2. A state of being so frightened or shocked that one cannot move or react.
    • Her petrification was so complete that she didn't even blink.
    • He stood in petrification as the car skidded toward him.
    • The loud crash caused a moment of petrification in the classroom.