pneuma

/ˈnuːmə/
noun
  1. The spirit or soul of a person; the inner, invisible essence that gives life and identity.
    • She felt her pneuma lift as she listened to the choir sing.
    • The philosopher argued that the pneuma is what connects all living beings.
    • In many ancient traditions, the pneuma leaves the body at the moment of death.
  2. In some religious and philosophical contexts, the divine spirit or life force that animates the universe.
    • Stoics believed that pneuma permeates everything, giving order to the cosmos.
    • He meditated on the universal pneuma that flows through all creation.
    • The concept of pneuma is central to understanding early Christian ideas about the Holy Spirit.
  3. Breath or air, especially as a vital principle in ancient medicine and philosophy.
    • The word 'pneumonia' comes from pneuma, because the disease affects the breath.
    • Ancient Greek doctors thought pneuma was a subtle vapor that traveled through the blood vessels.
    • In yoga, prana is similar to the Greek idea of pneuma as the breath of life.
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